Abbreviations Related to Specific Antibodies

in Autoimmune Encephalitis

α3-AChR: The nicotinic ganglionic acetylcholine receptor autoantibody (α3-AChR Ab) causes autoimmune dysautonomia

AchR: acetylcholine receptor antibody in AE (and other diseases)
AGNA: Anti-Glial Nuclear Antibody (also called SOX1)
AMPA: (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid) receptor) cell surface
antibody in AE
ANNA-1: anti-neuronal nuclear antibodies, a marker of paraneoplastic neurological
autoimmunity related to small cell carcinoma
ANNA-2: anti-neuronal nuclear antibodies, a marker of paraneoplastic neurological
autoimmunity related to small -cell carcinoma and breast carcinoma
ANNA-3: anti-neuronal nuclear antibodies, a marker for lung cancer related
autoimmunity
Anti-amphiphysin: an antibody that is a marker for stiff person syndrome, paraneoplastic
encephalomyelitis with rigidity, myoclonus
Anti-CASPR2: encephalitis, or peripheral nerve excitability
Anti-CV2(CRMP): multiple including paraneoplastic, sensory neuropathy,
paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis
Anti-DNER: antibody in AE also called TR, PCA-TR, Anti-amphiphysin, amphiphysin
Anti-GABA receptor: limbic encephalitis with early-onset seizures
Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65): stiff-person syndrome(progressive encephalomyelitis
with rigidity, myoclonus
Anti-Hu: (Anna): associated with lung cancer
Anti-LGI1: limbic encephalitis with faciobrachial dystonic seizures
Anti-Ma2: limbic encephalitis, or upper brain stem anti-NMDAr receptor- multistage syndrome starting with limbic encephalitis and psychiatric changes followed by brain stem dysfunction
Anti-Ri: (also known as Anna-2 antibody)
Anti-Yo: (Purkinje cell cytoplasmic antibody type 1, paraneoplastic, cerebellar
degeneration
AQP4: aquaporin 4 an antibody in AE
CASPR2: contactin associated protein cell surface antibody in AE
CRMP5: collapsin response mediator protein 5
CV2: another abbreviation for CRMP5

Dopamine-D2-receptor antibodies: These are associated with basal ganglia inflammation in children and with Sydenham’s chorea.

DPPX: (dipeptidyl-peptidase-like protein-6) cell surface antigen/antibody in AE
GABA: (gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor), antibody in AE
GAD65: glutamic acid decarboxylase, an intracellular antibody in AE

GFAP:  autoimmune astrocytopathy with glial fibrillary acidic protein

GluRD2: Pediatric onset 12-36 months; M:F 1:1.4

GlyR: (glycine receptor) antibody in AE

IgLON5: Progressive dyssomnia, movement disorders and behavior, gait abnormalities, bulbar and respiratory dysfunction, and cognitive impairment

LGI1: (leucine-rich glioma inactivated1) antibody in autoimmune encephalitis
mGluR5: (metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 cell surface antibody in autoimmune
encephalitis
MOG: myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, an antibody in autoimmune encephalitis

Neurexin-3α: Prodromal fever, headache, gastrointestinal symptoms; subsequent encephalopathy with agitation, seizures, orofacial dyskinesias, and central hypoventilation (marked overlap with NDMAR encephalitis); may have a rapid course. 

NMDARE: NMDA receptor encephalitis also referred as anti-NMDAr
PCA: Purkinje cell cytoplasmic antibody
PCA1: Purkinje Cell cytoplasmic antibody type1
SOX1: also called AGNA1 antibody
TA: Also referred to as the anti-MA antibody in AE
VGKC: voltage-gated potassium channel
VGCC: voltage-gated calcium channel

MEDICAL ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

ABS: antibodies

ADEM: acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

AE: Autoimmune encephalitis

AE-NoDAB:  autoimmune encephalitis with no detected autoantibody

AI: autoimmune

ASAP:  as soon as possible

BBB: Blood-Brain Barrier

BP: Blood pressure.

CBA: cell-based assay

CDR:  cerebellar degeneration related protein

CNS: Central Nervous system

CPR: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, a life-saving technique that’s also called mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.

CS: cerebellar syndrome

CSF: Cerebral Spinal Fluid

D/C: discontinue or discharge

DO:  disorder

DOA:  dead on arrival or date of admission

DOB: date of birth

DOT: directly observed therapy

DX: Diagnosis

ED/ER: Emergency department or emergency room.

EEG: electroencephalogram is a test that detects electrical activity in your brain

EKG: Electrocardiogram, a way of monitoring the heart and testing for problems.

ELAV: embryonic lethal abnormal vision, like proteins, are mRNA-binding proteins that regulate mRNA stability

FDG-Pet: fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) FDG MRI or PET scan- FDG stands for Fluorodeoxyglucose it is used in either a CT scan or MRI scan, it is an injection of a positron-emitting radiopharmaceutical or medication that can help better show the tissues the doctor is trying to see in the test. Side effects of the injection of uncommon but can include allergic reactions, rash, and water retention

FIRES: febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome

FEP:  First episode psychosis

FLAIR: fluid-attenuated inversion recovery

HR: Heart rate, expressed as beats per minute.

HE: Hashimoto’s encephalitis

HR:  heart rate

HSV: Herpes Simplex Virus

ICU: intensive care unit

ID: Infectious disease

IgA: immunoglobulin A

Igg: immunoglobulin G

IM:  intramuscular

IP:  inpatient

IQ: intelligence quotient

IU:  international units

IV: intravenous, given by a needle placed into a vein

IVIG: Intravenous (given in a vein) immunoglobulin. Immunoglobulin is part of the blood’s plasma, it has antibodies that fight germs or diseases, it can help the immune system become stronger, it is often given before patients receive immune-suppressant medications, like steroids or rituximab

IVMP:  intravenous methylprednisolone (steroids)

LE: limbic encephalitis

LEMS: Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome

mg: milligram

MG:  myasthenia gravis

ML: milliliter

MRI:  magnetic resonance imaging -a test that uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the organs and tissues in the body

MTX:  methotrexate

NCM:  nurse case manager, a nurse trained in discharge planning and assisting families during the hospital stay. They work with the family, medical staff, and insurance to make sure that the patient and family receive care at the correct level and have what they need for a safe discharge.

NSABS: neuronal surface antibodies

OCD: Obsessive-compulsive disorder, a disorder in which people have recurring unwanted thoughts, ideas, or sensations

OMS: Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome

OPD:  outpatient department

OT: occupational therapy- this therapy works on fine motor skills and activities of daily living.

O2: oxygen

PET scan:  positron emission tomography (PET) scan- an imaging test that can help show the doctors how your tissues and organs are functioning

FDG MRI or PET scan: FDG stands for Fluorodeoxyglucose it is used in either a CT scan or MRI scan, it is an injection of positron emitting radiopharmaceutical or medication that can help better show the tissues the doctor is trying to see in the test. Side effects of the injection of uncommon but can include allergic reactions, rash, and water retention

P: pulse

PA or Pt: patient

PERM: progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus

PICC line: peripherally inserted central line- a small thin tube inserted into a vein in your arm and passed into larger veins near the heart. It is often placed because it lasts longer than an intravenous line can last and can be used to give nutrition and medications that may irritate tissues in the smaller veins of the arm.

PNMA:  paraneoplastic Ma antigen

PNS:  paraneoplastic syndromes- certain tumors can present with neurological symptoms as a result of brain inflammation, an anti-neuronal (against brain cells) mechanism targets intracellular( in the cells) antigens and causes an immune response.

PT: physical therapy, a physical therapist is a therapist who works with a patient to regain strength, balance, and return to the previous function

PTSD:  post-traumatic stress disorder, a psychiatric disorder that may occur in people who have experienced or witnessed a traumatic event( this can include medical)

RBC: red blood cell

RF:  risk factor

RX: prescription. Usually for medication but can also signify another treatment.

S: without (sans)

SCLC:  small cell lung cancer

SX:  symptoms

S/S: signs and symptoms

STAT:  immediately

SPS: Stiff-person syndrome

SRP:  signal recognition particle

SQ: subcutaneous, some medications are given into fatty tissue, not muscle this is considered subcutaneous between the skin and muscle

SW:  social worker, staff trained to assist the family in adjusting to illness, obtaining services, and works with other staff in the hospital to provide care

T:  temperature

TPO: Thyroid peroxidase is an enzyme normally found in the thyroid gland, TPO plays an important role in the production of thyroid hormones. A TPO test detects antibodies against TPO in the blood

TPR: temperature, pulse, respiration rate

TX:  treatment

WB:  whole blood

WBC:  white blood cell

Metric System Measurements

Regarding medications, the metric system is used in the hospital.  In liquid form milliliters to liters are used, for weight milligrams, grams, kilograms are used in the hospital as opposed to teaspoons or tablespoons or ounces.

Pharmacies can provide syringes or medicine cups that have both teaspoon and metric measurements on them to correctly measure liquid medications at home. If the hospital uses kilograms for weight 1 kilogram is equal to 2.2 pounds, but they often use a scale that has both pounds and kilograms on it.